Flourish Excel is a source of bioavailable organic carbon. All plants require a source of carbon. This is typically obtained from CO₂, but, may also be derived from simple organic compounds (such as photosynthetic intermediates). The use of either CO₂ injection or Flourish Excel does not necessarily negate the use of the other. Because the processes of producing photosynthetic intermediates and building onto them occur simultaneously, one can derive a substantial benefit with the use of Flourish Excel either alone or in conjunction with CO₂ . The combination is particularly ideal for situations when continuing to add CO₂ could result in dangerously low pH levels. Flourish Excel also has iron reducing properties which promote the ferrous state of iron (Fe⁺²), which is more easily utilized by plants than ferric iron (Fe⁺³).

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Overview

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Tanganyika Buffer is a blend of carbonate salts designed to enhance the natural environment of cichlids by increasing alkalinity, carbonate hardness, buffer capacity, and pH. It is formulated to maintain a pH of 9.0–9.4. For optimum replication of the Tanganyikan environment, use with Cichlid Lake Salt and Cichlid Trace.

DIRECTIONS

DIRECTIONS: Use 5 g (1 level teaspoon) for each 40–80 L (10 to 20 US gallons) of water each day until desired pH is attained and maintained. Thereafter, use as required to maintain pH, usually no more than once every two to three weeks.

TIPS: It is best to dissolve the buffer in freshwater before use. Use when setting up an aquarium or making water changes and between water changes as needed to maintain pH. Seachem’s Tanganyika Buffer is formulated to maintain a pH between 9.0 and 9.4, depending on the amount used.

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Renew is ideal for use in systems where phosphate released from all activated carbons poses a problem. Renew is also less aggressive than carbon, making it well suited for reefs and planted aquaria. It is also beneficial for use in soft water aquaria where the pH-raising property of many carbons is not an asset. Renew will remove organics and particulates in the sub-micron range; it will also help control ammonia, nitrates, and phosphates.

DIRECTIONS

Renew should be used in exactly the same manner as activated carbon. Use 250 mL for each 120–160 L (30–40 US gallons). Use in a filter bag only. Although Renew is clean, it is advisable to rinse before use. It lasts about the same as carbon (4–6 weeks).

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Seachem PhosGuard

• Removes silicate and phosphate
• Spherical for optimal hydrodynamics
• Irreversible binding

PhosGuard rapidly removes phosphate and silicate from marine and freshwater aquaria.

It is not recommended for phosphate buffered freshwater.

PhosGuard is highly porous for high capacity and bead-shaped for optimum water flow.

Aluminium Oxide, Soluble Aluminium, and Coral Toxicity

In recent years, there has been speculation that aluminum oxide based phosphate removers like PhosGuard release aluminum into the water and subsequently damage corals.

The evidence to support this claim was largely anecdotal.

So, through a series of controlled experiments in both freshwater and saltwater, we intended to address both the question of aluminium solubility and aluminium toxicity.

The results of these experiments show that under reef conditions (pH near 8) there is no detectable soluble aluminium released from alumina.

Under conditions of low pH and high dosage levels, soluble aluminium can be released from alumina; at three times the label dosage rate, we detected 0.2 mg/L aluminium at a pH of 5.3.

Additionally, aluminum oxide is not easily absorbed into the cell to cause negative reactions.

Even at three times the dose of PhosGuard, soft-bodied corals such as Sarcophyton remain unaffected.

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